Which Careers Are Best for Your Brain

Which Careers Are Best for Your Brain Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How Your Career Can Influence Your Brain By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Updated on February 20, 2020 Hero Images / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Could what you do for a living have an influence on your mental acuity and acumen as you age? According to the results of one study, careers that involve more mental complexity may help protect your brain from declines in cognitive abilities (such as thinking, reasoning, and remembering) as you age. People with mentally demanding jobs, such as surgeons, lawyers, civil engineers, and graphic designers, may have better memory in old age, the study indicated.?? Factors That Influence Your Cognitive Reserve Research has shown there are plenty of things people can do to protect their minds as they age. Things such as getting regular exercise, learning new things, and getting plenty of social interaction have all been linked to better cognitive abilities later on in life. Recently, research has shown that a more mentally stimulating and engaging lifestyle, including complex career choices, may also be associated with better cognitive outcomes in later life.?? The exact mechanisms behind this protective effect are not well understood. Some suggest that mental stimulation helps build up what is referred to as a cognitive reserve, which then helps protect the brain from the negative effects of aging and the pathological effects of disease. Others suggest that the same pre-existing factors that draw people to such mentally engaging activities are the same factors that protect the brain from the ravages of time and the aging process. Research on Complex Jobs According to a study published in the journal Neurology, work that invokes complexity with both people and data is associated with better cognitive functioning at age 70.?? These results, the researchers suggest, may point to a protective effect for the brain due to engaging in mentally complex careers. The participants in the study were a group of 1,066 people who are part of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936), a longitudinal study on aging. All of the participants were born in the year 1936 and most took part in the Scottish Mental Survey, an intelligence test given to 11-year-olds in 1947. The researchers classified careers by their complexity in three different areas: people, data, and things. Careers with a high complexity with people included jobs such as a doctor, social worker, lawyer, and probation officer. Jobs low in complexity with people included carpet layer and painter.Careers high in complexity with data included jobs such as musician, civil engineer, and architect. Jobs low in data complexity included such jobs as bus driver, and telephone operator.Careers high in complexity with things included jobs such as instrument maker or machine technician, while jobs low in this area included probation officer and accountant. The researchers then gathered information about the 70-year-old participants’ former occupations and years of education. The participants were also given a battery of cognitive tests that included measures of memory, processing speed, and general cognitive ability (or g factor). The results revealed that those who had held occupations ranked high on complexity with people or data performed better on cognitive tests than those whose former jobs ranked high in complexity with things. The researchers also found that those who held the most complex jobs with people, data, or things performed the best across all the cognitive domains that were assessed. The Effect of IQ This effect became somewhat smaller when the experimenters factored in the participants IQ scores at age 11, an indicator of how intelligent the volunteers were to begin with. According to the research, early intelligence was the greatest predictor of abilities at age 70, accounting for about 50% of the variance. Occupations, the experimenters believe, help maintain and strengthen neural networks, adding to the cognitive reserve that protects and preserves mental abilities as people age. While it is true that people who have higher cognitive abilities are more likely to get more complex jobs, there still seems to be a small advantage gained from those complex jobs for later thinking skills, explained Dr. Allan Gow of The University of Edinburgh and one of the studys co-authors.?? The authors noted, however, that their categorization of careers based on complexity was based on national survey data that might not accurately reflect the unique complexity of each individuals occupation. Self-report measures, the researchers suggested, might be a more useful assessment tool. Some jobs that an outsider might see as having low complexity with people or data may actually involve a great deal of working with others and manipulating information. The study also failed to look at how long people held their former occupations and how the amount of time spent working in a complex occupation might influence future cognitive abilities. A Word From Verywell Understanding the factors that impact the aging process is important, especially as researchers strive to discover the factors that influence cognitive decline and disease as people grow older. The jobs people hold make up such a huge part of adult life, so it stands to reason that occupations might play a lasting role in mental health and cognitive abilities. By gaining a deeper understanding of the role such factors might play, experts will hopefully be able to offer better advice on the prevention of cognitive declines.

Malcolm Xs Speech The Rhetorical Analysis Of Malcom X

April 3, 1964 Malcolm X gave one of the most iconic speeches of all time. Malcolm gave this speech at the â€Å"Cory Methodist Church† where he spoke out about the politics of voting for African Americans. Malcolm X advised that African Americans should vote, however if prejudice continued and the government continued to prevent blacks from being completely equal that African Americans would have to use more violent tactics. This speech is great for a number of reasons and one of these reasons is Malcolm X’s use of rhetorical devices. The 1960’s were a rough, yet progressive stage in American history. African Americans were finally labeled as equal to white men and women after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed. However, that bill was†¦show more content†¦Theyve become dissatisfied, and all of this has built up frustrations in the black community that makes the black community throughout America today more explosive than all of the atomic bombs the Russians can ever invent. He uses a metaphor as another example of Malcolm X believing black nationalism to be more powerful than any weapon known to this world. The reason he makes this comparison and specifically name drops Russia is because of the arms race between the two at the time. America and Russia alone had enough weaponry to destroy the Earth as we know it entirely. I believe this quote though exposes the obvious difference between Martin Luther King Jr and Malcolm X. He alludes to the fact that he believes nothing will change unless African Americans get violent. He states that all this frustration has built up so much that it’s ready to be let out and explode at any time. Malcolm believes that the eventual â€Å"explosion† of frustrations will be more dangerous than all the weapons Russia, or America for that matter, could fire. This is part of whats wrong with you- you do too much singing. Today its time to stop singing and start swinging. You cant sing u p on freedom, but you can swing up on some freedom. While I stated prior that the â€Å"racial keg† quote is my all-time favorite from this all-time great speech, this is the quote I find the most interesting. TheShow MoreRelatedMalcolm X : The Rhetorical Analysis Of Malcom Xs Speech968 Words   |  4 Pages In New York City on March 22, 1964, Malcolm X delivered his speech, â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet.† Malcolm X, a minister of the Nation of Islam, and a revolutionary advocate of nationalism in the black community, imparted this speech with the intent to reach the black population in a time of change. The adept use of ethos, pathos, and logos to build and maintain a compelling argument, brings about a call to action and firmly conveys his ideas within the black community. Within ethos, pathosRead MoreMalcom X And The Civil Rights Movement1105 Words   |  5 PagesFahad Algarni Ms. Kristi Brock ENG 101- College Writing (WC) 15 July 2015 Analysis of Ballot or Bullet On 3rd April 1964, Malcom X addressed the Negro community assembled in Cleveland over the controversial issue of the civil rights movement. â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† speech of Malcom X can be considered as a direct response to â€Å"I have a Dream† speech of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Malcom X and Dr. Martin were taking a stand for the true freedom of the same community but with a diagonally opposite

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Annotated Bibliography Brand Loyalty from a Multi-Faceted...

Annotated Bibliography Brand Loyalty from a Multi-faceted Perspective ORGA 201 Introduction to Management Section OP51 Max Su (1762788) Instructor: Rob Dean Brand loyalty is the ‘Holy Grail’ to all marketing organizations. Marketing practitioners are consumed by it. They search. They try. They dream. They want to achieve the ultimate in brand loyalty, making it so airtight that no competition can lure their consumers from their brands of products. Unfortunately, there is no one-size-fit-all methodology. Competition is dynamic. There’s no way to accurately anticipate what the creativity of their competitors can bring to the marketplace, which can lead to†¦show more content†¦The authors describe ethical burden as the necessity of company to charge real cost of doing business, ensure quality of products and services and develop strong customer relations. The focus group study with a sample of 50 business professionals contends that by managing ethical burden with continuous advertising, it can lead to creating positive brand image and hence, brand loyalty, that will sustain the brand in the long te rm through repeat buying phenomena. Babur is an Assistant Professor and Principal at ISRA University, Islamabad Campus Pakistan. Naveed is a Senior Research Associate at Riphah International University, Islamabad Pakistan. There are 15 references in this article. The authors use these references to elaborate on concepts relating to marketing in regards to ethical burden, brand image, brand loyalty and, advertising in general. The results of the study indicate that a large portion of the repeat buying behavior is due to unexplained factors across purchasing occasions. The authors state that this study has a 72% of reliability, but did not show the calculation of how the number was derived. The written English is weak and some descriptions are not so clear. Despite this deficiency, this article provides marketing managers with another perspective to sustain brand loyalty. In regards to the 72% reliability, further research can incorporate quantitative methods of research to indentify outliers, which can lead to a more accurate

Case Study Solution and Lecture Notes for Judicial Activism of Mabo

Question: Describe about the main aim of Judicial Activism? Answer: Judicial Activism is based on the concept that the judges, especially of the appellate court, must alter the existing rules or principles which according to them are faulty. This shall require that the judges should be given freedom from the existing high authorities. The main aim of altering is to give importance to the social issues and values rather than giving effect to the legal principles. There is a limitation to the same where a party should not be held liable in case where he has been declared free. This was clearly stated in the case of Trigwells case stating that the land owners are not responsible for taking care of those who use highways and prevent animals to stray on highway. It was ruled that this would not be possible as in this time of such a huge traffic it cannot be managed by land owners and in case this rule was taken away and altered the land owners will have to take insurance against the third party which would be very expensive. Therefore, it was held by majo rity of courts to exercise judicial restraints and not get the law reformed. It is also said that the court should make a new rule keeping in mind the social values, which is a big question of debate. Therefore, it is said that the decisions taken by the court are based on their notions which the judges themselves believe in and hence might not speak mind of many people in the society. This was clearly illustrated in the case of Mabo v Queensland (No 2) (1992) 175 C.L.R. 1, where the values based on which the judges made a decision was not accepted by all. The question was to benefit the decision made to the native people.1 Mabo case brought about a new law into existence. Mabo case decision was highly criticised after the Wik decision in 1996 on native title and pastoral leases. This reason for such criticism was the decision which was against the interest of political, business and other parties. In the Mabo case the court held that the grant of certain pastoral leases did not remove the native title right enjoyed by the applicant to the leased lands. Many people in the industry and government were against the decision. It was stated that the High court had been involved in judicial activism. The Wik Peoples case in 1996 made statutory leases rescinded against the indigenous people. The court had observed that the statutory pastoral lease did not give exclusive possession rights on the leaseholder. In case of any dispute the statutory leases shall rescind against the indigenous people. This was highly criticised and questioned the validity of land in Australia. The court was criticised for its decision and was said to be not socially aware of the needs of people. It was then that the Howard government came out with a 10 point plan. This plan brought about certainty in the land ownership in Australia. It is to be understood that for coming to any conclusion it is very important that a proper negotiation is done to come to a settlement which shall involve compromises. Any case which is against the judicial activism generally is complemented with judicial restraint. Judicial activism is the power of the judges but it has responsibility attached to it. Judiciary is checked for all its decision, by government and public. But this would not mean that the judiciary should be undermined. They should be given enough space to make a decision. Pamela O Connor, The Wik Decision: Judicial Activism or Conventional Ruling? vol. 10, no. 2, 1997, pp. 217-236. Micheal Kurby, Judicial Activitism : Power without responsibility? No, Appropriate activism conforming to duty , (Civil Law, 2005) https://www.law.unimelb.edu.au/files/dmfile/30_2_9.pdf accessed 31 January 2015 Mabo case was such that the values given by judges were not universally accepted. Therefore, we can conclude that the judicial activism should be given less importance in the judicial process. What needs to be considered is that judicial activism should not be given importance and application with retrospective effect as the rights of the party shall be affected in lieu of correcting the law and trying to make it better. The cases which have been settled since long, the judges should not make major changes in them without being certain about the issues and its effect. This would not mean that the judges should not make any reforms but it should not come by judicial activism but by adopting judicial principles. It is rightly stated by words of King HenryV go to the ant, consider her ways and be wise. Harry Gibbs, Judicial activism and judicial restraint: where does the balance lie?, (Civil Law, 2004) www.gtcentre.unsw.edu.au/sites/gtcentre.unsw.edu.../59_HarryGibbs.doc accessed 31 January 2015. Bibliography: Gibbs H, Judicial activism and judicial restraint: where does the balance lie?, (Civil Law, 2004) www.gtcentre.unsw.edu.au/sites/gtcentre.unsw.edu.../59_HarryGibbs.doc accessed 31 January 2015 Williams G , When the umpire takes a stand, (Civil Law, 2011)https://www.theage.com.au/it-pro/when-the-umpire-takes-a-stand-20111111-1nbag.html accessed 31 January 2015 Connor P, The Wik Decision: Judicial Activism or Conventional Ruling? vol. 10, no. 2, 1997, pp. 217-236. Kurby M, Judicial Activitism : Power without responsibility? No, Appropriate activism conforming to duty , (Civil Law, 2005) https://www.law.unimelb.edu.au/files/dmfile/30_2_9.pdf accessed 31 January 2015

Married life Essay Example

Married life Essay Marriage is the third main ideal to be presented in Act 1 of the play. Whilst it is not strictly an ideal in itself, the manner in which it is presented leaves a sense of mocked ceremony. The female leads treat marriage with a deadly seriousness in all respects, with Lady Bracknell saying: an engagement should come on a young girl as a surpriseIt is hardly a matter that she could be allowed to arrange herself this seeming dedication to the meticulous arrangement of a marriage in order to achieve the best results ironically destroys any romantic element, and in that aspect chances of true love. The male attitude to marriage is quite different. When talking with Jack in private, Algernon takes a rather dismissive stance on marriage: A man who marries without knowing Bunbury has a very tedious time of it, this negative view is also shown in In married life three is company and two is none. This is again representative of a characters embodiment of an ideal, or the anathema to one in this case. The attitude of the men changes when in the company of the women, in order to appear courteous and honourable, as the woman superficially believe they are. This pretence of behaviour is something of a microcosm for the ideal of marriage itself. We will write a custom essay sample on Married life specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Married life specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Married life specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The explicit female view of marriage is dismantled with various epigrams, for instance Lady Bracknell saying that after her husbands death, Lady Harbury looks quite twenty years younger. Again Gwendolens statement that her ideal has always been to love some one of the name of Ernest, is obviously facetious, and through that it is clear that the women have an equally sceptical view of marriage as the men. Yet they are inexorably drawn towards it because of the perceived duty to live up to the romantic ideal of marriage. Wildes satire of this situation again helps to dismiss the validity of the ideal presented. Marriage is probably the most complex of all the ideals presented in Act One of the play, in that the view presented very much depends on the interaction of the two sexes, which in itself is a questionable motif, consequently a definite opinion can not be drawn from it. Ultimately, the presentation and satire of the age of ideals is light hearted and insincere, however there are several poignant facets of this dissection of society that are worthy of note. The duality of human nature, whilst being an over-used speculation is particularly applicable in the play, as it is the habit of the characters to have sincere feelings and yet be incapable of showing them at all. The motiveless and consequently worthless existence of the upper classes is starkly compared to the diligence of a few hard working men of the lower echelons measures up unfavourably. Whereas the objectification of women is quite clearly the biggest irony in the play; as is quite clear from the actions of Gwendolen and Lady Bracknell, they are in fact the ones in charge.

How to identify workplace harassment

How to identify workplace harassment If you’ve been paying attention to the news or social media lately, chances are you’ve seen some of the heartbreaking stories and backlash from sexual harassment in industries like entertainment, news, and politics. #Metoo has become an inescapable part of our landscape, as women (and men too) share stories about how people in positions of power took advantage of them in highly inappropriate ways, ranging from the unprofessional to the criminal. The sheer force of this movement can feel overwhelming- but while we get story after story of public figures involved in sexual harassment, it’s also important to know what these issues may look like in everyday life, for the rest of us. Before we get started, an important note: if you have been harassed, or think a colleague’s or boss’s behavior has crossed a legal line, you should seek out specific legal advice right away. And if you suspect you may have been the victim of workplace harassment but arenâ₠¬â„¢t sure, the first place you should go is to your company’s Human Resources department. This is what they’re there for- acting as a neutral resource to help you identify, report, and resolve problematic behavior or actions in the work environment. We’ve put together some resources and information for reference, but if you’re facing harassment at work you should always seek the qualified help of professionals who are highly trained in workplace harassment issues.What is workplace harassment?Workplace harassment can take many different forms. Sometimes it’s obvious. It can be blatant sexual or personal requests from a colleague, client, or boss, like:I’ll give you a promotion if you sleep with me.If you don’t do this for me, I’ll fire you.I can make it worth your while if you come have a few drinks with me.I’ll give you more business if you take care of me, *wink wink*.Harassment can also be subtler and more insidious, such as personal comments that make you feel uncomfortable or highly personal topics of conversation that aren’t relevant to your work. This is sometimes known as a â€Å"hostile work environment.†Examples of this type of harassment could include:Telling dirty or inappropriate jokes at workCommenting on physical attributesMaking suggestive comments in emails or on social mediaDisplaying suggestive pictures or websitesMaking sexual innuendosUnnecessary touching without consentUnwelcome sexual advances, or persistent requests for dates or other personal favorsPersonal ridicule or mockerySabotaging others’ work or otherwise interfering with work performanceOpen discrimination or commentary based on gender, race, sexual preference, or other personal attributesThis kind of harassment isn’t necessarily always sexual- it can also be considered workplace bullying. Whether there’s a sexual component or not, personal harassment is never okay. Essentially, if someone is being singled out or targeted for personal reasons and not professional, it could be harassment. And even if someone is being singled out for ostensibly professional reasons, there’s still a line of professionalism that companies and employees are required to follow. Once that commentary or behavior crosses into the personal, it could qualify as harassment. If you feel uncomfortable with the behavior of someone in the workplace, that’s usually a red flag.Per Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, sexual harassment is considered a form of illegal discrimination in the workplace, which means victims are protected by federal law. If harassment is done on the basis of race, gender, sexual orientation, or religion, victims may also be protected under Title VII. If the harassing behavior is unwelcome and creates a hostile work environment, that can create a situation where the employer is legally liable for the harassment.Who’s affected by harassment?S exual or other harassment can happen to anyone, anytime, in any kind of professional environment. We often hear stories about it happening between a boss and an underling, but in reality it can happen with supervisors, colleagues, clients, or other people who are involved in a professional capacity. A supervisor can be harassed by an employee.And it’s important to note that no particular gender or group has a lock on sexual harassment. Although 1 in 3 women between the ages of 18 and 34 report having experienced sexual harassment on the job at some point during their careers, this problem is not limited to female victims- men experience this kind of harassment as well. Harassment comes in all shapes and sizes, and harassers are not always stereotypical boss figures. Anyone who makes you feel personally uncomfortable in the workplace is a red flag.What to do if you’re being harassedAccording to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), as much as 70% of s exual harassment goes unreported, often because victims are afraid of retaliation or just don’t feel comfortable coming forward with their experiences. If you’ve experienced harassment (or have seen it happen at your work), you’re protected.Know that it’s not your fault. If you’re experiencing sexual or other harassment in the workplace, you didn’t bring this on yourself- it’s on the harasser. You’re legally entitled to having a safe, professional working environment.Know you’re not alone. In a comprehensive, eye-opening 2016 report on workplace harassment, the EEOC found that between 25% and 85% of women reported sexual harassment in the workplace. The variation is likely due to people’s hesitation to report harassment, but no matter what, the figure is staggering- at least 1 in 4 women have experienced harassment. The numbers are rising for men reporting harassment as well: a 2012 study by the EEOC revealed that approximately 17% of men had experienced sexual harassment at work. It’s a widespread problem that has often been kept hidden.Know your rights. If you’ve been harassed, or think you may have been, it’s important to know what your rights are. The American Association of University Women (AAUW) has a detailed reference guide about how to handle the issue from several different perspectives, giving information on how employees, colleagues, and employers can resolve harassment claims.Talk about it with someone trusted. This can be a trusted confidante, but if you’re experiencing harassment or have witnessed it and want to take steps to resolve the issue, your company’s HR department is a good first resource. They can help you by confirming your company’s harassment policies and either resolve the issue internally or help you with the next steps of a formal complaint. Employment attorneys can give you a sense of the legal perspective if you thin k the harassment rises to the level of a legal issue. Always consult with legal and professional resources to determine what you can do officially to document and report the problem.One of the hardest takeaways in this post-Harvey Weinstein era has been discovering how widespread and pervasive the culture of harassment can be in the workplace. Ideally, it’s not something you’ll ever face in your career, but if you’re one of the growing numbers of women and men dealing with harassment (or bringing it to light), understand that you’re not alone and there are resources out there that can help you.